IGEE Proceedings

Navigating the Future of Higher Education: Embracing Change While Preserving the Relational Core of Learning: Shinki An; IGEE Proc. 2026;3(1):1-8. Published online February 23, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2026.006

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Driven by rapid technological innovations, global crises, and growing uncertainty about the role of universities in the 21st century, higher education is at a critical inflection point. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for understanding how these circumstances may be navigated, with a focus on the changing knowledge ecosystem, marked by exponential knowledge growth stemming from the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI). While these changes offer important opportunities for enhanced learning, they also raise significant ethical and educational concerns that must be addressed. Throughout these shifts, one element that remains unchanged is how humans learn in the context of relationships. Drawing on evidence from medical research and educational theory, this paper argues that social connection and communities of practice are fundamental for institutions that seek to use technology to support, rather than replace, the human connections that shape students into competent and ethical professionals.

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Scholarship at “Machine” Speed
Sarah Soyeon Oh
IGEE Proceedings.2026; 3(1): 14. CrossRef

Collaborative Strategies for Raising Human Capital†: Reinard Primulando, Thomas Kristiatmo, Tri Basuki Joewono; IGEE Proc. 2026;3(1):9-13. Published online February 23, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2026.003

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Christian higher education is rooted in fundamental and axiomatic human values that are open to transcendence and orient toward the fullness of humanity. Christian universities are increasingly challenged to remain faithful to their true identity while responding creatively to new social, cultural, and global realities. Drawing on the experiences of the Universitas Katolik Parahyangan (UNPAR), whose Spirituality and Basic Values emphasize charity in truth, living in diversity, and integral humanity, this paper discusses how collaboration across institutions, disciplines, cultures, and regions, becomes a process of mutual transformation rather than mere resource sharing. Particular attention is given to interdisciplinary initiatives, with the Erasmus+ EcoGreen Project presented as a case study that demonstrates how Christian universities can lead interdisciplinary and global collaboration while remaining firmly rooted in faith-based values.The study suggests that Christian higher education institutions should prioritize wider, value-based collaboration across institutions, nations, and disciplines.

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Scholarship at “Machine” Speed
Sarah Soyeon Oh
IGEE Proceedings.2026; 3(1): 14. CrossRef

Non-Prescription Antibiotic Use and Unsafe Household Medicine Disposal in Indonesia: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship: Danik Iga Prasiska, Suk-Yong Jang; IGEE Proc. 2026;3(1):17-26. Published online February 23, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2026.002

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Non-prescription access to antibiotics remains widespread in low and middle-income countries and is a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance. Unsafe household storage and disposal of medicines further reinforce inappropriate antibiotic use and environmental contamination. Yet, national evidence integrating antibiotic knowledge, medicine safety awareness, and household practices remains limited. This study examined associa-tions between antibiotic-related knowledge, awareness of damaged medicines, and non-prescription antibiotic purchase among adults in Indonesia using nationally representative survey data. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, including 430,204 adults with complete outcome data. The primary outcome was self-reported purchase of antibiotics without a prescription. Survey-weighted modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted relative risks accounting for individual and household characteristics. Overall, 19.7% of adults reported purchasing antibiotics without a prescription. Higher risk was observed among adults aged 26 to 44 years, females, rural residents, individuals with chronic conditions or physical disabilities, and those from poorer households. Each 10-pp increase in antibi-otic-specific knowledge was associated with a lower risk of non-prescription antibiotic purchase (adjusted RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.97 - 0.98). In contrast, awareness related to damaged or expired medicines was associated with a higher risk (adjusted RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.04). Household medicine disposal practices were dominated by discarding medicines in household trash, while formal return to pharmacies or health facilities was rare. These findings indicate that antimicrobial stewardship requires integrated strategies addressing both rational an-tibiotic use and safe household medicine management to support progress toward Sustainable Development Goals related to health and responsible consumption.

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Scholarship at “Machine” Speed
Sarah Soyeon Oh
IGEE Proceedings.2026; 3(1): 14. CrossRef

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Socioeconomic Determinants of Social Isolation Among Ghanaian Older Adults (2019–2024): Patrick Atanga Azoya, Sarah Soyeon Oh; IGEE Proc. 2026;3(1):27-37. Published online February 23, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2026.001

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Background
Older adults in Ghana who experience socioeconomic disadvantage characterized by limited in-come, low educational attainment, inadequate housing, insecure or absent employment face obstacles to main-taining social connections, increasing their vulnerability to isolation and adverse health outcomes. Prolonged loneliness has been likened to the health impact of smoking 15 cigarettes per day (Shafiq et al., 2020). This review and meta-analysis examined cross-sectional studies showing differing relationships between social isola-tion/loneliness and low socioeconomic status (SES) among Ghanaian older adults. The objective was to synthesize quantitative evidence on associations between socioeconomic factors and social isolation or loneliness among older adult populations in Ghana. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and African Journals Online (AJOL) for peer-reviewed English-language studies published from 1 January 2019 to December 2024. Eligible studies were quantitative, included Ghanaian older adults, reported associations between social isolation or loneliness and at least one socioeconomic factor, and provided extractable effect measures (OR/PR or raw counts). Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full texts. Data extracted covered study characteristics, exposures, outcomes, and adjusted effect estimates. We pooled odds ratios using random-effects meta-analysis (DerSi-monian–Laird) in R (meta/metafor); heterogeneity was quantified with I². Risk-of-bias visualizations were produced with robvis.

Results

Ten cross-sectional Ghanaian studies met inclusion criteria. All indicated that lower SES was associated with elevated odds of social isolation or loneliness (individual ORs 1.60–2.30). The pooled OR was 1.90 (95% CI: 1.69–2.14), indicating approximately a 90% higher likelihood of social isolation or loneliness among soci-oeconomically disadvantaged older adults. The findings suggest that aside cultural enablers, rural-urban migration effects are more severe in low-SES groups, potentially explaining the heightened ORs com-pared to global estimates.

Conclusion

Socioeconomic disadvantage is a substantial correlate of social isolation and loneliness among Ghanaian older adults. Interventions and policies addressing poverty, food insecurity, and broader socio-cultural determinants are needed to support social connectedness and healthy aging.

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Scholarship at “Machine” Speed
Sarah Soyeon Oh
IGEE Proceedings.2026; 3(1): 14. CrossRef

Introducing the 2024 ‘Social Engagement Fund’ Cohort: Eun Kyoung Rhee, Sarah Soyeon Oh; IGEE Proc. 2025;2(2):64-67. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2025.019

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Student Involvement in SDG Projects: Seven Years of Yonsei University’s Social Engagement Fund (2018–2025)
Sarah Soyeon Oh, In Han Song, Shinki An
IGEE Proceedings.2025; 2(3): 178. CrossRef

Establishment Plan for Sustainable Villages through Resolving Mongolian Ger District Issues†: Eun-hye Song, Khuslen Bazarragchaa, Geon-young Kim, Sung-kwon Lee; IGEE Proc. 2025;2(2):68-82. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2025.014

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In recent years, Mongolia has witnessed a steady influx of migrants into the ger districts on the outskirts of Ulaanbaatar. While some have been displaced by climate change-induced zud and desertification, which have devastated traditional livestock-based livelihoods, a larger share of the migration stems from structural inequalities—namely, the concentration of employment opportunities, education, and essential infrastructure in the capital. This surge in population has intensified urban overcrowding and deepened various environmental and social challenges. The ger districts stand out as areas facing particularly acute challenges such as high unemployment, poverty, air pollution, soil contamination, energy poverty, and a critical lack of educational and healthcare services. This study moves beyond the conventional climate refugee framework by analyzing these broader drivers of migration through structured surveys and in-depth interviews with both ger district residents and the general urban population. Based on the findings, a sustainable village model is proposed for the Salkhit area, integrating agriculture, settled livestock farming, agricultural cooperatives, solar power generation, and tourism infrastructure. These systems are designed to operate autonomously and scale to other regions of Mongolia. By offering both policy and practical guidelines, this model aims to relieve metropolitan congestion and promote balanced regional development. However, due to limitations such as insufficient climatic, geographic, and agricultural baseline data and constraints in technical infrastructure, continuous feedback through test-bed operations and phased revisions are essential to ensure long-term viability and effectiveness.

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Student Involvement in SDG Projects: Seven Years of Yonsei University’s Social Engagement Fund (2018–2025)
Sarah Soyeon Oh, In Han Song, Shinki An
IGEE Proceedings.2025; 2(3): 178. CrossRef

The Importance of Trust and Empowerment in Advancing Human Knowledge: Insights from the 2024 Nobel Week: In Han Song; IGEE Proc. 2025;2(1):14-16. Published online February 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2025.004

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O veselju v znanosti
Mija Oter Gorenčič
Alternator.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

The Urgent Call for Academic Action: Rebooting SDGs to Reset Our Future: Shinki An; IGEE Proc. 2024;1(1):20-31. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2024.003

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This manuscript, presented at GEEF2024, emphasizes the critical role of academia in revitalizing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address current global challenges. The SDGs, adopted in 2015, aim to eradicate poverty and promote sustainable development by 2030. However, progress has stalled due to financial constraints, governance issues, the COVID-19 pandemic, and geopolitical crises such as the Russian–Ukraine war. The COVID-19 pandemic has had multifaceted impacts, reversing poverty reduction trends and disrupting education and energy investments. It has also exacerbated social inequalities, leading to the conceptualization of COVID-19 as a syndemic, an ecodemic, and an econodemic. These terms highlight the pandemic's complex interplay with preexisting health issues, environmental degradation, and economic disparities. Geopolitical crises have further hindered SDG progress by disrupting food and energy supplies and diverting resources from sustainable development initiatives. Climate change, marked by unprecedented heatwaves and natural disasters, poses additional threats to achieving the SDGs. The need for carbon neutrality and effective international cooperation is more urgent than ever before. In this context, universities play a crucial role in advancing the SDGs through research, innovation, and community engagement. Engaged universities align their research agendas with the SDGs, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and developing solutions to global challenges. Yonsei University's Institute for Global Engagement and Empowerment (IGEE) exemplifies this approach with its Yonsei SDGs Initiative. By analyzing research outputs via natural language processing, the initiative aligns academic activities with SDGs, particularly in health and well-being. The GEEF2024 conference underscored the importance of innovative strategies and international cooperation in achieving the SDGs. Discussions highlighted the need to address mental health crises, low birth rates, and the care economy's undervaluation. The conference also emphasized the necessity of inclusive development strategies that reflect the perspectives and priorities of Africa and Asia. In conclusion, universities must integrate social engagement into their core missions to remain relevant and impactful. By prioritizing research, teaching, and services that contribute to sustainable development, academia can play a pivotal role in overcoming global challenges and achieving the SDGs.

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Student Involvement in SDG Projects: Seven Years of Yonsei University’s Social Engagement Fund (2018–2025)
Sarah Soyeon Oh, In Han Song, Shinki An
IGEE Proceedings.2025; 2(3): 178. CrossRef

Establishing the ESD and GCEd system in higher education: Analyzing the holistic approach of Yonsei University in South Korea: Jae Eun Shin, Eun Kyoung Rhee, Shinki An, Younah Kang, Keeheon Lee, In Han Song; IGEE Proc. 2024;1(1):6-19. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.69841/igee.2024.002

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Purpose
This study assesses the Global Citizenship Education (GCEd) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) initiatives at the Yonsei Institute of Global Engagement and Empowerment (IGEE). The objective is to identify strengths and areas for improvement in promoting ESD and GCEd principles and contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Design/Methodology/Approach: This research employs a comprehensive analysis framework to evaluate Yonsei IGEE's initiatives, including the "Understanding Sustainable Development with Ban Ki-moon" lectures, "Social Engagement Fund (SEF)" research program, "SDG Initiative," and "Global Engagement and Empowerment Forum (GEEF))." It considers objectives, environmental focus, pedagogical strategies, topic coverage, learning dimensions, and outcome measurement. Findings: Yonsei IGEE initiatives demonstrate strengths in terms of clear objectives, environmental focus, and pedagogical strategies. They complement each other, fostering synergy in promoting ESD and GCEd principles. The lecture series offers a holistic view of SDG issues, whereas SEF empowers students to address challenges practically. The SDG Initiative guides Yonsei's research community, and GEEF disseminates SDG knowledge and fosters collaboration. Originality: This study contributes originality in two aspects. First, it presents an innovative evaluation framework specifically designed to assess the diverse GCEd and ESD programs at Yonsei IGEE. This framework serves as a valuable tool for future evaluations of similar initiatives in higher education institutions. Second, the data and contents analyzed in this research, drawn from Yonsei IGEE's programs, are novel and provide unique insights into the efficacy of the GCEd and ESD efforts.

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Student Involvement in SDG Projects: Seven Years of Yonsei University’s Social Engagement Fund (2018–2025)
Sarah Soyeon Oh, In Han Song, Shinki An
IGEE Proceedings.2025; 2(3): 178. CrossRef

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